Nigeria addresses trade barriers and restrictions in export markets through various strategies and mechanisms:

1. **Diplomatic Engagement:** Nigeria engages in diplomatic negotiations and dialogue with trading partners to address trade barriers, resolve disputes, and advocate for fair and equitable treatment of Nigerian exports in international markets.

2. **Trade Agreements:** Nigeria participates in regional and bilateral trade agreements, such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Trade Liberalization Scheme, and bilateral free trade agreements, to reduce trade barriers, tariffs, and non-tariff measures that restrict Nigerian exports.

3. **Market Access Initiatives:** Nigeria implements market access initiatives to promote Nigerian exports in target markets, including trade promotion activities, market research, product promotion campaigns, and participation in trade fairs, exhibitions, and business matchmaking events.

4. **Trade Facilitation:** Nigeria invests in trade facilitation measures to streamline export processes, reduce trade costs, and enhance market access for Nigerian exporters, including improvements in customs procedures, transportation infrastructure, logistics services, and trade facilitation technologies.

5. **Compliance with Standards:** Nigeria ensures that its export products meet international quality standards, regulatory requirements, and certification procedures in target markets to overcome technical barriers to trade and facilitate market access for Nigerian exports.

6. **Capacity Building:** Nigeria provides training, technical assistance, and support services to Nigerian exporters to enhance their export capabilities, compliance with trade regulations, and understanding of export market requirements, thereby enabling them to navigate trade barriers and access export markets more effectively.

7. **Advocacy and Representation:** Nigeria advocates for the interests of its exporters and industries at international forums, trade organizations, and dispute resolution mechanisms, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), to address trade barriers, unfair trade practices, and discriminatory measures affecting Nigerian exports.

8. **Policy Coordination:** Nigeria coordinates trade policy formulation and implementation across government agencies and stakeholders to ensure coherence, consistency, and effectiveness in addressing trade barriers and promoting Nigerian exports in international markets.

By implementing these strategies and mechanisms, Nigeria aims to overcome trade barriers and restrictions, expand market access opportunities, and enhance the competitiveness of Nigerian exports in global markets, thereby promoting economic growth, job creation, and sustainable development in the country.

Nigeria addresses trade barriers and restrictions in export markets by ¹ ²:

Employing a combination of tariffs and quotas for revenue generation and protecting local industries.

Determining tariffs by the ECOWAS 2015 2019 Common External Tariff (CET).

Applying additional charges (e.g., levies, excise, and VAT) on imports.

 Restricting or placing bans on certain imports to protect local industries and grow strategic sectors.

 Requiring inspection or certification from authorities or appointed third-party contractors for most goods destined for Nigeria.