The Nigerian government has addressed export-related regulatory compliance challenges by implementing the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), which overhauls the regulation and governance of the oil and gas industry. The PIA establishes two regulatory agencies, the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), to oversee petroleum operations and ensure compliance. Additionally, the PIA commercializes the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) and introduces a new fiscal framework, including a hydrocarbon tax and penalties for gas flaring. The act also aims to address historical issues with host communities by creating the Host Community Development Trust Fund (HCDTF) and imposing penalties for non-compliance with host community obligations. Challenges persist, including ambiguous language, capacity building, regional disagreements, and tensions over revenue sharing.