The primary difference between Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and Visual Flight Rules (VFR) is how the pilot navigates the aircraft ¹ ² ³.

*Visual Flight Rules (VFR):*
- The pilot uses recognizable landmarks and pilotage skills for navigation.
- The pilot can choose their own route and altitude within certain airspace limitations.
- The pilot doesn't need to maintain constant communication with air traffic control.
- The pilot doesn't need to adhere to a flight plan.
- The pilot can still fly even if there is an issue with one of the propellers.
- It is less expensive than IFR.
- It is ideal in clear weather.

*Instrument Flight Rules (IFR):*
- The pilot uses instruments for navigation.
- The pilot must have two-way radio communication and proper navigation equipment suitable for their planned route.
- The pilot must have an Instrument Rating certification and file a detailed IFR flight plan beforehand.
- The pilot must strictly adhere to a flight plan.
- The pilot must maintain constant communication with air traffic control.
- It is ideal in poor visibility conditions, including fog, rain, or night-time operations.