What are the main types of aircraft icing and how are they prevented or managed?
The main types of aircraft icing include ¹ ²:
- *Rime Ice*: Rime ice is formed when small supercooled water droplets freeze rapidly on contact with a sub-zero surface.
- *Clear Ice*: Clear or Glaze ice is formed by larger supercooled water droplets, of which only a small portion freezes immediately.
- *Cloudy or Mixed Ice*: This blend of the two accreted ice forms in the wide range of conditions between those which lead to mostly Rime or mostly Clear/Glaze Ice.
- *Supercooled Large Droplets (SLD)*: SLD are defined as those with a diameter greater than 50 microns.
- *Runback Ice*: Runback ice forms when supercooled liquid water moves aft on the upper surface of the wing or tailplane beyond the protected area and then freezes as clear ice.
- *Intercycle Ice*: Intercycle ice is that which forms between cyclic activation of a mechanical or thermal de-ice system.
These can be prevented or managed by ¹ ²:
- *De-icing systems*: De-icing systems remove ice after it has formed.
- *Anti-icing systems*: Anti-icing systems prevent ice from forming.
- *Thermal systems*: Thermal anti-ice systems are designed to operate in one of two ways: fully evaporative or running wet.
- *Pneumatic De-Ice Boots*: Pneumatic De-Ice Boots are a very common de-icing system.
